There is a lack of formalism for some key foundational concepts in systems engineering. One of the most recently acknowledged deficits is the inadequacy of systems engineering practices for engineering intelligent systems. In our previous works. we proposed that closed systems precepts could be used to accomplish a required paradigm shift for the systems engineering of intelligent sys... https://www.diegojavierfares.com/flash-offer-A-D-EJ-123-Newton-Compact-Balance-Scale-120-x-0-001-g-hot-grab/